Future of Bangladeshi Print Media

Future of Bangladeshi Print Media Future of Bangladeshi Print Media: Strategy of  Survival of Two Highest circulated print Media in Bangladesh Aritra Ankan Mitra Introduction This paper tries to find out the challenges and the strategies to retain or hold the position of the most circulated print media in Bangladesh which is, known as Prothom Alo and The Daily Star after the online era became popular in Bangladesh. They are not only the print media which are facing the problem after online media came in limelight, but as they are the highest circulated in Bangladesh, if it’s possible to find out their problem, it can be assumed what are the others’ current positions in the industry. There has been a major change in the way to obtain news by people now a day. The online news sources are getting as preferred medium for news to consumers. Before people had access to Internet like modern era, they were receiving their information via printed-paper delivered daily to their homes.But this an era of digitization and like everything else, Media has two versions now- Print Media and Online/ Digital Media which works like Print Media, but much faster and immediate. Online Media include electronic, broadcast and Internet media. Today we didn’t need to buy books, newspapers, magazines and newsletters, as they can be found as a digitally published as electronic editions on the Internet. As today’s people prefer faster and latest news update of every moment instead of waiting for the next day’s printed newspaper and read every detail, they are tending more to Online News Media nowadays. A statistic is presented in Fig. 1 showing how much time during an average week do people spend on print content in the U.S. Even in Bangladesh, we see that there are tons of Online News Portals and with smart devices on hand; people are seen reading Online News instead of a printed newspaper. But for hundreds of years, Print Media has been one of the most powerful expression medium of the thoughts of mass people. The industry associated with the printing and distribution of news through portable, disposable and lightweight publi cations printed on paper and circulated as newspapers and magazines is known as Print Media. They hold contents that are informative and entertaining and of general or special interest. Newspapers or magazines are published once or daily, weekly, biweekly, monthly, bimonthly or quarterly. (Curtisu, 2011) In Bangladesh, Print Media has been making the general people learn what is going around them and playing the role of publishing their opinions and views on these topics. Fig. 1. Average time spent on print content in the U.S. in 2011 But Online Media is taking over the Print Media now. As a result there is some people who even believein the near future printed newspapers will be extinct. From Fig. 1 we see that the number of people spending no time at all on print content has increased to a shocking extend. Among the respondents, four percent stated they spent over five hours with magazine or newspaper apps during an average week. (Statista, 2011) So definitely Online Media can be considered as a competitor of Print Media. This research is conducted to find whether Online Media is becoming a threat to the Print Media, whether it will replace Print Media or Print Media will continue ruling. 1.1Rise Of Print Media and Online Media History of Print Media and written communication follows the progress of civilization which moves in response to changing cultural technologies in turn. The biggest change was printing on newsprint and use of the printing press. The earliest examples of printing include Cylinder seals and other objects such as the Cyrus Cylinder and the Nabonidus Cylinders that refer to wedge-shaped inscriptions of King Nabonidus of Babylonia. (Wikipedia, 2002) As long ago as 25,000-30,000 years B.C. first humans painted descriptive pictures on cave walls. The narrative compositions left on the walls of Lascaux represented their own way of communicating with the spiritual world and another. The well-preserved arts and drawing depicted their deep religious beliefs, fears, and also everyday life. The pictures or pictorial types that were found in caves of Southern France and Spain represent the beginning of written communication for the human kind. The advent of a writing system coincided with the tran sition from hunter-gatherer societies to more permanent zeminder or landlord encampments when it became necessary to count ones property. In 1900 B.C. the Chinese invented their very own style of writing independently. Writings preserved on various bones were the earliest records of Chinese Writing found. Their achievement was the building stone for Japanese and Korean to create their own models in 400 B.C. The first alphabetic script appeared in Palestine at about 160 B.C., which influenced early Phoenician (113 B.C.) and Hebrew script (110 B.C.). At first stone and clay tablets were used to express thoughts. Later, in 105 B.C., Tsai Lun of China invented paper as we know it today. (Piechota, 2002) Thus world’s first ever printed media was introduced. Let us now focus on a brief history and growth of the Print Media of our subcontinent. The press, having more than300 years of history, is the oldest mass medium in the Indian subcontinent. James Augustus Hicky, an Englishman and a former employee of the British East India Company, published the first newspaper from Calcutta (West Bengal) in 1780, known as Hicky’s Bengal Gazette or the Calcutta General Advertiser and was a two-sheet English-language-weekly. The first Indian-owned newspaper was the Bengal Gazette, also an English-language weekly published by Gangadhar Bhattacharjee in 1816. By the end of the 19th century, Indians had become restless under British rule and the nationalist movement began to spread throughout the subcontinent. Nationalist political leaders, some of whom were active in journalism, formed the Indian National Congress in 1885 to spearhead the independence struggle. The Anglo-Indian press played an important role in raising hatred between Hindus and M uslims in India who had lived together for centuries through mutual cooperation. In a political about-face, the British government adopted a favorable position towards Muslims and became concerned about their ‘backwardness’. In 1947, the Indian subcontinent was divided into two states- India for Hindus and Pakistan for Muslims-when the British left the region. At the time of independence, East Pakistan had no daily newspaper and most of the newspapers were Bengali language weeklies. Meanwhile, at the time of independence from Britain, India had a strong base of newspapers. After independence from Pakistan in December 1971, the government established in Bangladesh took the ownership of the trust owned newspapers– the Morning News and the Dainik Bangla-in East Pakistan. The Bangladeshi press faced a severe blow to its growth in 1975, when the democratic government with an absolute majority in the Jaitya Sangsad (National Parliament) banned the publication of all ne wspapers except those which were taken over by government. After that, with the advent of democracy in 1990, Bangladesh saw a mushroom growth of newspapers. (Bhuiyan, 2002) Since then, Bangladeshi Print Media has continued its journey. In brief, this was the history of the Print Media in our subcontinent. Now the Print Media has come nearer to the mass people through the help of Electronic Media, i.e., Online Media. Electronic media’s chief advantage is its immediacy. In Online Media, we know news of any occurrence within moments sitting just in an Online News Portal while the Print Media awaits till the next day for publishing a highly important issue occurred on any day. When in a rush, people like to know only the gist of what is happening around and Online Portals play great roles serving this. Mostly the new or younger generations are the main contributors to the decline of the printed version of newspapers. As they were brought up with new technology all the time. This generation was already used to with lots of electronics gadegts; they were the first group targeted for electronic publishing. As we were enterd in a new age which can be called as the age of communicating digitally. With this technology at our fingertips, we can freely express our opinions and â€Å"repor t† on any topic as in the form of blogging. This can be called as the amateur reporting. Some argue that these bloggers i.e. citizen journalists will provide the Internet with more content, more information, more analysis, and a wider range of niches. It has been predicted that this new form of journalism, known as digital journalism, will give rise to a new social model based on a professional-amateur partnership. (Smith, 2014) Today only a wring in the paper, with a photo is no longer acceptable as news. It got transformed into a digital medium and adopted a lot, from the advantages of technology. Now we can also get videos and some more links of the news online. People are interacting through social networks about the news and their views about the news. Handy or portable devices like mobile-tablet pcs are allowing them to acces the news from any where any time. This is allowing us to interact with the news at closer level than ever before.On the other hand, Print Media is still preferred by numerous people of the world despite the immediateness of Online Media. As a reason it can be mention that Print Media holds an edge through its content quality, which a professional editorial staff can produce. For example, Audit Bureau of Circulation figures showed that ‘The New York Times’ boosted overall circulation by 73 percent from Monday through Friday– and 50 percent on Sunday–over March 2011, when it first launched digital subscriptions, according to Politico. (Heibutzki, 2015) In Bangladesh, we also have too many Online News Portals nowadays. While delivering the latest news immediately to people, most of them have not yet been able to replace Print Media. Some Online News Portals also publish spam or unnecessary news links unlike the Print Media which serves the purpose of peoples learning the correct and necessary information properly. Print media is easier to use and read which may be why it has not sunk out of our society completely. But, the read availability, convenience and price of digital media means that it may soon replace print media permanently. So from this point of view we can consider Online Media as an upcoming threat on Print Media though till now the Online Media is certainly a better companion of the Print Media, but not the replacement of it. 1.2Research Question What are the strategis of Prothom Alo and The Daily Star to retain their position in the industry? Does Prothom Alo and The Daily Star feels that they are a threat for online media or the vice versa? What are the prefarable news sources for readers? 1.3Research Objectives To know the challenges with which the Print Media is dealing with. To find the strategy of their survival. 1.4Rationale and Significance of Study A research on the future and strategy of print media in Bangladesh can play an important role in future for this industry. Nowadays this issue is one of the most important topics, not only in Bangladesh, but also as globally because the advancement of technology.A tablet, such as Microsoft Surface, is essentially a larger, version of a smart-phone. The popularityof these kinds of devices is continually growing up, as they are easier to carry and use. As portable device technology advance, so do the news organizations.So this research also tries to find the reasons for people’s spending less time on Print Media. A statistic in United Kingdom shows the reason for reading fewer magazines as of May 2012 (Fig. 2). Of respondents, 11 percent reported reading fewer magazines because the media landscape was too crowded. Cost, time, relevance of issues, advertisements and environment are the factors playing roles in this matter.(Statista, 2012) Fig. 2. Reasons for reading fewer magazines in the United Kingdom (UK) as of May 2012 This research tries to figure out these types of facts from the perspective of Bangladesh. Prothom Alo and The Daily Star both have e-version of their newspapers. This research will find out what is the statistics of their online and printed version readers. Finally it will show the impact of Online Media on Print Media and what are the losses and threats for Print industry and what strategythey are adopting or if there is significant shifts to hold position in the industry. What are the challenges for the authority will also be lightened by this study. References Bhuiyan, A. J. M. S. A. (2002). Mass Media, Communication, and Culture in Bangladesh in the Shadow of a Big Neighbor. Curtisu, D. A. (2011).About Print Media.Retrieved on 20 April, 2015 from the UNCP Website: http://www2.uncp.edu. Heibutzki, R. (2015). What Is the Advantage Disadvantage of Print Electronic Media? Retreived from the Chron Website:http://work.chron.com/. Piechota, I. (2002). Means of human communication though time.Retrieved from: http://myweb.cwpost.liu.edu/paievoli/finals/505Sp 03/Prj1/irene piechota.htm. Smith M. (2014).The Future of News Journalism: The Dying Newsprint Rise of Online Media. Retrieved on 21 April, 2015 from The Modern Ape Website: http://themodernape.com/.Statista (2011).Statistics and market data on Books Publishing.Retrieved from a Stistical Portal, Statista:http://www.statista.com/markets/417/topic/477/books-publishing/.Statista (2012).Reasons for declining magazine readership in the United Kingdom (UK) 2012.Retrieved from Statista:http://www.statista.com/statistics/289356/. Wikipedia (2002).Retrieved from Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/printing.

Catcher in the Rye Extended Response

Catcher in the Rye Extended Response To describe about Holden a little, he was a very weird guy. He has different perspective to other people, even though he has a normal appearance. He drinks, smokes and swears a lot but he is only a teenager. The way Holden talked was very funny; he used swearing words a lot. Maybe author tried to express Holden’s negative perspective against the world by using this way of speaking. Anyway, he was a typical student who had problems in schools. He failed every subject except English, and got kicked out of every school he went to.Also, he really hated â€Å"phony things†. What he meant in the word phony was like the basic manner people do every day. He also hated Hollywood movies and the actors just because he thought they were phony. I think he just hates it when people talk in a positive manner. It’s really weird because he would also hate people swearing and without manners. He hates phony things and he criticizes every people he meets and met when he should be criticizing himself. It shows how negative he really is. I wondered at first, why he thought the world as very, gloomy place without any truth.He didn’t like anything. I think after his brother Allie died, he changed point of view to the society and environment around him. And also, his family (his especially his father) affected his personality. There’s a part where he says about his brother Allie. I could see how much Holden loved his brother but after he died, he turned his back to the world. I can think of like, His father is a lawyer and his family is rich. Maybe he saw many phony things since he was little. But Allie and Phoebe could have there for him. Then his brother died, and he has no one to rely on, only Phoebe.The one who Holden really likes was Phoebe. So, he doesn’t want to study and go to university and mix with people who say phony things every day. He doesn’t take the life serious as other people aroun d him. He really thinks that life is a â€Å"phony thing†, and then he drinks, smokes and swears a lot, just to protect himself from the world. There was a part where Holden said he want to be the catcher in rye, with just the children around him. I could see that he was bored with the world where adults saying phony things every time.Maybe the author might have been tried to criticize the modern world by Holden. I don’t know, but I think Holden really hates to be socializing in the society. He just wanted to be surrounded by the children’s innocence. He also tried to go to West and live in the cabin with a very few contact with other people and be deaf-mute. I think he tries to get away from the world and to be part away from the phony people. He was actually a pitiful teenager who doesn’t have parents that take care of him warmly. All Holden was looking for was the good in his life that he couldn’t find.

Should Schools Uniforms be Manadatory Essay - 1090 Words

One social benefit school uniforms are responsible for is providing Many debates form over the opinion of whether schools should require students to wear uniforms. Some schools go through the same argument annually of whether to enforce school uniforms the following school year. A number of people argue that uniforms take away from the students’ individuality, while other people concur that uniforms generate unity within the school. Even though many people disagree with school uniforms, countless reasons are evident that uniforms should be mandatory. School uniforms provide schools with many positive results. Uniforms help improve school greatly by insuring safety within the schools and increasing students academically. Research states†¦show more content†¦To gain firsthand experience and knowledge, Traner’s principal visited a successful mandatory school uniform program in Long Beach, California, which reportedly had achieved a 70% reduction in students disc ipline incidents. Officials at Traner then gained support of 90% of the parents and immediately started seeing improvements in the students’ behavior (Daugherty 3). Uniforms reduce bullying over clothes and take away violent or vulgar language on shirts such as the advertisement of tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs (Kizis 2). Another positive result of school uniforms other than improvement of schools is the social benefits for students. Uniforms provide many benefits for the students such as the promotion of a sense of unity, the decrease of differences between the poor and the rich, and the reduction in clothes related conflicts (Daugherty 2). the students with a sense of unity. When everyone dresses the same, students feel like they belong. School uniforms give students a sense of being equal to each other despite their race, gender, or economic status (Wilde 1). Another social benefit school uniforms provide is the decrease in differences between the poor and the rich. Students who come from low income families are not as self-conscious about their clothing because all students wear similar shirts and pants (Wilkins 5). School uniforms also allow social benefits by reducing the clothing related

International Operations Management Individual Assignment - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1211 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? International Operations Management Individual Assignment Export type and organization Nature Harvest Mushroom (PVT) Ltd is directly export their product to the Malaysia because company can build good relationship with business people in Malaysia by dealing directly with them. Direct export will helps to identify the Malaysian market and can identify the opportunities and from them company can grab and grow their market to increase the sales. When company is directly exporting their product, it may take times to reach and expensive. Company need to find a good place where the large number of people are having and also company need to habits, behaviours and what kind of foods they like. This will much more important to attractive the peoples. And also company need pay attention to the changes of the people according to the need and wants of them and company also need to change according to that and need differentiate product characteristic to attract the customers. Company need to find best places to sell their products. Nature Harvest Mushroom (PVT) Ltd is produci ng mushroom. There are many varieties in the button mushrooms. And people also like to experience varieties in foods so company need make product differentiate before exporting. Nature Harvest Mushroom (PVT) Ltd needs to have better control on their works and in their export. When having a better Control Company can do their business as they decided and also company able to increase their sales by building good relationships with the customers. By using an indirect export company can’t identify the business opportunities in the Malaysia and can’t make what company can’t get what they expect. By using direct channel company able to promote their products in the Malaysia. So these are the reasons company is using direct export method. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "International Operations Management Individual Assignment" essay for you Create order Export Contracts When talking about the export, it’s not an easy thing. The company need to consider lots of things before starts to export their product to another country. Mainly company need to consider about the export contract. Contracts are doing with another other business people. When doing a business activities trust is an essential thing. So these contracts are building relationship with other business people. Nature Harvest Mushroom (PVT) Ltd is exporting their products to Malaysia to identify that are they having enough capability to export their products. First of all company need to sign a contract with other party to do their business without any troubles. By making a contract company making a good relationship with other patry, company can do their export business successfully. Nature Harvest Mushroom (PVT) Ltd is doing their business deals with the written contract. Before the contract company is having some discussions with the other party to identify that what are their offers, clarifying with the doubts and comes to some agreements. When preparing the contract by the company, company is going to add integration clause by saying â€Å"This contract is the entire agreement between the parties, other agreements cannot be added later, This Agreement arranged only in a written document. By signing this written agreement two parties are not going to face any troubles. When company going to export their product they need to take the responsibilities for their products because something happens while exporting also need to check whether there are having any damage items before export because responsibility comes to the company. When preparing a contract spellings are very very important because some words are goes wrong it will show the wrong meanings and sometimes meanings will be change. Before signing the contract both parties need to recheck the contract. If company mention about the exact delivery time in the contract, they need to deliver it on time. Company need to pay attention for the taxes and other rules and regulations giving by the government. They need to agree to the taxes and rules and regulations giving by the country when they are going to export the products. And prices also need to be mention in the contract. When making a contract these are some main things Nature Harvest Mushroom (PVT) Ltd needs to be consider. By making a contract company can export their product in a successful way without any trouble. Export risk and risk reduction There are some risk facing by the Nature Harvest Mushroom (PVT) Ltd when they going to export their products. When exporting the goods, goods might get damage. When goods get damage buyer will not buy them and they will refuse it. Then that will be a huge loss for the company. This was the major risk company might face. This is mainly cause by the packaging system. Export the product without proper packaging. To do way with the risk company need to pack their product in a good packages and proper package system without being damages. From a proper package System Company can reduce the risk. Another thing company can to reduce the rick while transport is to getting insurance to their products. Before export if something or damage happens to the goods insurance company will give money for that/ giving the compensation. This method also reduces the risk. Two parties do their payments with the foreign currency. So Foreign exchange rate also a main risk company might be face. To r educe this risk company can use the foreign exchange hedge. This method is used for eliminate the foreign exchange rate that doing the payments by the foreign currency. There are three types of contracts in the hedging method those are forward contracts, options and spot. Forward contract is an agreement with company and the bank to buy or sell the money at a set exchange rate at a specific date in future. An option contract is sets an exchange rate which company may choose to exchange money. If the current exchange rate is better company not going for this contract Spot contract is an agreement which a company buy or sell one currency in exchange to another currency. Nature Harvest Mushroom (PVT) Ltd is going to use spot contracts to reduce the risk. Export Transportation Nature Harvest Mushroom (PVT) Ltd is export their good by the sea. Because shipping by sea is generally less expensive than transporting by air. But it takes some times to reaches to the destination than the air transportation. But company is mainly focusing to the coast reduction. When transporting goods sometimes goods will be damaged transporting by the water. So the company need to pack their goods in a proper and safe way. And also to reduce the risk company needs have insurance for goods. If something happens to goods company can get the compensation from the insurance company. After exporting the good company needs to send the documents of that order to the buyer before the good reaches to the harbour. In that document clearly need to mansion about the order numbers, delivery date, payment term and other important things. Because buyers need this document to clear the goods from the harbour. In Sri Lanka goods are transport from company to the harbour by the company truck s. Company thinks that transport their goods by sea is better than the transport good by air because company thinks they can save lots of money by the transport their goods by the sea.